This image from the James Upne Space Telescope has left astronomers baffled. You see, three tiny red dots. These are not different objects, but the same one, just displayed three times. Namely, an anomalous ancient black hole that is 40 million times more massive than the sun. It is almost ten times larger than the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and yet it exists in an extremely young universe, only 700 million years after the big bang. This should not happen. But since it's actively sucking in gas, it must be truly gigantic right now, perhaps even the largest in the universe. And this is just one of a number of unexpected discoveries from the James telescope that have left

astronomers skeptical. Is this really reality? In this video you will learn on which planet the whale unexpectedly found the molecules of life. Why did the early universe turn out to be nothing like we imagined? What scared the scientific community in the images of the Orion Nebula and in general, what discoveries on the web have impressed scientists the most. Some of Webb's unexpected finds were lurking in space just around the corner. James Webb presented us with the gas giant Saturn in a new light, or rather in a new infrared range, which is the main one for this telescope. Unexpectedly even for NASA, Saturn turned out to be dark, its rings extremely bright.

This indicates a fairly even distribution of low temperatures in the atmosphere of the gas giant, which came as a surprise to scientists. After all, Saturn used to look variegated in infrared, meaning it had zones of different temperatures. Why the web image is different remains to be seen. But the rings on it shine so brightly precisely because they are constantly heated by the sun, causing them to melt and fall to the surface in icy rain at a speed of up to 2,800 kg/second. It's like an entire SUV every second, and scientists still can't figure out exactly how many millions of years it will take for the rings to become few, or even disappear altogether. This is exactly what the web can help with. The next step will be to study

Saturn's atmosphere and not only shed light on the strange temperature distribution, but also allow us to calculate the exact amount of ice rain that falls there But the JMSFT space telescope can not only predict the future of the solar system, but also learn more about its mysterious past. The Web found a comet that had something very trivial on it and at the same time something that scientists never expected to see. Comet Reed is located in the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars, where, due to its proximity to the Sun, no objects with large reserves of water ice have been found, as it should have evaporated long ago. And less so the people of Web found signs of

water. It's like being hit by hail in the desert. Scientists didn't know, even in theory, whether comas in this region of the solar system could hold ice at all. And this is the first convincing evidence that this is possible. This find may be the key to one of the greatest mysteries of how water actually got to us on Earth. According to one hypothesis, it was brought by comets and meteorites, but it was believed that there were not enough of them near our planet to accumulate large oceans. But considering Comet Reed, it seems like it might be enough. Web Project scientist Stephanie Milam believes that understanding the distribution of water in the solar system will also help us search for planets that are similar to Earth or

that are on the path to the birth of life. Iveb is engaged in this search right now, exploring exoplanets. The planets are located outside our solar system. Webb has already explored potentially habitable exoplanets relatively nearby, but with very strange results. We are talking about the Trappist1 star system, only 40 light years from Earth. In 2016, scientists discovered seven planets around it , similar in size to Earth. Although Trappist O1 is a red dwarf, much colder and fainter than the sun, the planet orbits so closely that four of them, starting with the third, are theoretically capable of receiving enough heat to keep water in a

liquid state, and therefore for the emergence of life. Moreover, after additional study, exoplanet researcher Nicole Lewis reported that the Trapezium-1 planets are composed of the same materials as Earth. and suggested that they have fairly dense atmospheres. Under such conditions, the TPIS1 system would become an astronomical jackpot. But recent web data has begun to shatter hopes for multiple 2.0 lands in this system. It turned out that the atmospheres of the first and second exoplanets of the system, Trappist 1, Trappist 1B, and Trappist 1CC, are either too thin to see or are absent altogether. And this doesn't fit into any theories of planet formation.

After all, even Venus, which receives a comparable amount of heat from the Sun compared to the second planet in Trappist1, has a hellish, but thick atmosphere. Scientists now suggest that the gas envelope of both planets could have been destroyed by powerful X-ray and ultraviolet flares from the red dwarf, but even that may not be enough. Apparently, these planets are much more different from Earth than scientists had expected. And even though we cross two planets from the system-based system off the list of habitable planets, there are still five unexplored planets left. four of which

are in the potential habitable zone and may yet surprise scientists. So the intrigue is as thick as ever. But the telescope made its most unexpected discoveries at much greater distances than our stellar neighborhood. More than once, new data choices were completely impossible, according to scientists, phenomena of reality. WASP 18bi is a gas giant exoplanet 330 light-years away and is 10 times larger than Jupiter. It is also located extremely close to its source, only 3.1 million km away. This is 20 times closer than the distance of Mercury to the Sun.

Therefore, the heat on the VASP 18bi reaches 2700°C At such hellish temperatures, water molecules always break apart into individual hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Previous studies had indicated no signs of water on VAZP 18bi, but the Webb telescope unexpectedly found precisely measured particles of water vapor in the atmosphere of the supergiant gas giant And now scientists are faced with the question: how is this even possible? And have we somehow overlooked water, which is so essential for life?

This gas giant with the similar name VAZP 80bi doesn't have to be wet at all. It is about the size of Jupiter, but due to its proximity to its star, it has heated up to over 500°C. Astronomers joke that it's not as hot as warm Jupiter. But in addition to the expected gases, hydrogen and helium, Webb clearly showed excess methane water vapor in the atmosphere. And this is very strange, because these substances are only abundant in gas giants that orbit very far from the star, like Uranus and Neptune in the solar system. That is, to get VAZP 80B with exactly these amounts of water and methane, you need to form it somewhere in the back of the system, and then move it closer to the star.

Apparently, that's what happened here. But our super-powerful space telescope can find much more complex chemical compounds. K218bi is located 120 light-years away, about three times larger and nine times heavier than our planet. And yet it is so close to its red dwarf that the temperature here fluctuates around the freezing point of water. Perfect for potential life. However, previous observations have shown that K218B has a dense atmosphere composed mainly of hydrogen. It's a kind of mix of Venus and Jupiter, which is not typical of the solar system, but there's definitely no way life could exist here, right?

At least that's what it seemed like before Webb, in addition to the expected methane, saw the organic compound DMS on K218B. Dimatel sulfide is a much more complex substance, but perhaps that's not the point. It's just that here on Earth, it is only formed when certain vegetables and frozen foods rot. As far as we know, there is no way to produce dimethyl sulfite through non-biological processes such as volcanic eruptions. And there seems to be so much of this substance on K218bi, as if an entire biosphere with God knows what bizarre creatures is thriving there. However, some scientists believe that the web's result is not

accurate enough to imagine something like this. But even if Demethyl Sulfite is there, the planet is so unusual that it could be naturally formed there in a way we don't know One way or another, the Web hasn't had time to deal with this incredible world as it should. But he managed to find organics in such extreme places that even Burl Grylls in a spacesuit wouldn't survive Webb observed three active galaxies. The first in the constellation of Draco and two more in the constellations of Pegasus. And all with supermassive black holes at the center. Previous studies have shown that the harsh radiation from bright accretion disks around black holes effectively destroys any molecules near the egg.

Only hot plasma remains in the microwave. But the web has shown that very complex organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs for short, have somehow been preserved near the voracious monsters in these galaxies. It's like putting a banana in a blender and spinning it around and finding it whole. But at the same time, the smaller molecules that they should be made of, let alone the parts of a construction set, are nowhere to be seen around these black holes. What is happening? Scientists are not sure at this time, but they suggest that larger PAH molecules were able to survive thanks to dense clouds of molecular gas that envelop them and thus block a very specific range of radiation from black holes.

But the web can change our understanding of more global and important processes than the chemical composition of individual galaxies. Some telescope discoveries can affect the entire history of the universe. Using the web, scientists are constantly trying to find the very first galaxies that shone shortly after the big bang. But instead, they suddenly found the faintest, faintest galaxy with a very small mass. It is part of the first generation of galaxies and is located 13.3 billion light-years away from us. That is, taking into account the delay, it was formed when the universe was only 500 million years old.

Seeing it is like spotting a bacterium on the asphalt from the top floor of a skyscraper. But Webb managed to do this thanks to gravitational lensing. This is when space is warped by a massive object or group of objects, such as a cluster of galaxies. In fact, it works like a giant magnifying glass, allowing you to see the most distant and faintest objects in space. Paradoxically, scientists believe that it is these faint, faint galaxies that contributed the most to the all-important process that shaped the universe as we know it.

Reionization. According to the main scientific hypothesis, the universe after the Big Bang was filled with a dense watery atmosphere for about 100 million years, through which light could not pass. There was complete darkness, but stars and galaxies gradually filled space with ionizing rays that split hydrogen into protons and electrons and thus dispersed the fog. However, the physics of reionization on a cosmic scale is not entirely understood. And in addition to the faint galaxy busy with this important matter, the web saw several more galaxies from the end of the regionalization era,

that is, a thick fog still remains at a distance from them, and near them the space is pinkish. And this is an undeniable confirmation of the reionization theory, with specific parameters. But Webb is trying to explore not only how galaxies formed the universe, but also what gave them their strange shapes This web photo beautifully shows a spiral galaxy with a distinct bar, or central bright bar. It consists of dense clusters of stars and, according to astronomers' assumptions, its rotation. It attracts particles of gas and dust, creating the best conditions for vision around in the spiral arms.

Previously, it was impossible to confirm this with certainty, because no telescopes could penetrate the cradles of new stars behind curtains of gas and dust. It's like trying to see exactly how many floors there are in distant skyscrapers covered in thick fog. But the web is capable of this thanks to infrared instruments that penetrate gas and dust right through. So thanks to the new images, scientists will not only be able to better understand the process of star formation, but also clarify why some galaxies like the Milky Way do not have such a bridge, while others form it relatively quickly. But some web discoveries leave scientists with more questions than answers. The Hubble Space Telescope has photographed

many very distant galaxies in recent years that look like blobs of stars. Accordingly, astronomers concluded that the first galaxies in the universe were something like today's globular clusters and only much later acquired disks and other interesting features. But once the web sharpened 4,000 of these objects, those blobs turned out to be the bright centers of fully formed galaxies, hard to distinguish from the Milky Way today. It's like finding out that Maganfox looked the same as she does now, at the age of a few years, is completely unnatural, at least according to the theories and simulations of galactic evolution that scientists have been developing for decades. So now astrophysicists will have to work hard to somehow

explain the overdeveloped galaxies in the early universe. However, according to their claims, all this does not at all cancel out the big bang. The web has simply shown us how little we actually know about the events immediately following it. But these are not the only very strange objects that were first reflected in the mirrors of our supertelescope. The most exotic finds on the web that further expand the boundaries of what is possible in space. Recently, a telescope managed to detect an extremely rare cosmic pair. Using an infrared camera, astronomers saw the first known binary system of two Y-type brown dwarfs.

By themselves, these cosmic objects are either the smallest stars that have failed to start nuclear fusion, or the largest gas giants. Either way, they undergo very weak fusion processes, so brown dwarfs are too faint to be seen with ordinary telescopes. And those same Y-type objects shine the faintest of all, even among their relatives. They are rare and barely noticeable individually, so seeing them together is like finding a four-leaf clover and then seeing another one on the same stem . Moreover, astronomers still do not know exactly how brown dwarfs with such characteristics are formed. However, in addition, our miracle telescope quite unexpectedly showed us even more mysterious objects where we did not expect to see anything at all. The

Orion constellation is one of the brightest in the sky. And you've probably seen this bright element right under the belt of three stars. In fact, it is a huge nebula with a diameter of 30 to 40 light years. But behind the gas-dusty sevis, many new stars are being born here. It was this process that astronomers sought to spy on using Webb's infrared sensors, which can see through gas and dust. But the first detailed images in the fall of 2023 revealed more than just stars. Among the gas and dust, dozens of previously unseen objects, which astronomers have dubbed Jumbos, or binary objects with the mass of Jupiter, have been hiding all this time. It's like those pairs of brown dwarfs, only each is a regular gas giant.

But in reality, the Jumbos are extremely abnormal. They simply shouldn't exist, because they don't belong to any star near which such objects could form. In other words, Jupiter-like gas giants can only be born in dense protoplanetary nebulae near young stars. The Orion Nebula, as impressive as it is, is too sparse to have such large planets clustered together in the middle of it. So where did those Jumbos come from? and so much more. Currently, scientists are putting forward various theories from the list, but so far without much success. Usually, so-called exile planets are simply thrown out of the star systems where they once formed due to gravitational perturbations. Then we saw in the Rheon Nebula, at

best a few single gas giants in interstellar space, but certainly not dozens. So the origin of Jumbo is currently a complete mystery to us. What if these are actually huge spaceships used by an advanced alien civilization to travel through the nebula? However, if this remains fiction for now, Webb has also indicated which star systems in the same Orion Nebula have a chance of becoming habitable in the future. Thus, in the gas field disks around newborn stars that are five times smaller than the sun, Webb found not only common organic compounds, such as water and the carbon dioxide we exhale, but also

carbon monoxide, which, for example, is produced when fuel is burned in cars, as well as benzene, which is contained in the fuel itself, oil and coal. But most importantly, the web saw a very specific hydrocarbon cation, which is the basis for the formation of more complex molecules for living cells. And all this complex chemistry is present in as-yet- unformed star systems that are only a few million years old. This means that their rich organic composition will be inherited by future planets and their atmospheres. However, they will form over a period of at least 100 million years. But it's not at all a fact that we will have to wait that long to see the

emergence of extraterrestrial life in real time. What if planets are completely unnecessary for the emergence of life? This question was asked by exoplanet researcher Lindy Elkinton and she concluded that theoretically, even on planetesimals, the building blocks for future planets, fairly stable conditions could persist for a very long time. Moreover, with the presence of water in the cold parts of the planet, it would be winter, and this could be quite enough for the emergence of life. Such a stable period could last at least 15 million years. According to research by Benavaisya and Maria Zuber from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

It is likely that larger planetesimals in protoplanetary disks could remain wet for up to 50 million years. So the web should take a closer look at young star systems, because they could give us one of the most unexpected discoveries in the universe, preplanetary life. But personally, I expect Nas to make a headline like this. Webb found oxygen, ozone, phosphine, and ammonia on the exoplanet. This will be a real sensation and will fully justify all the costs of the space telescope. After all, all of these compounds in the atmosphere of an exoplanet would be almost certain signs of life. And the Web has all the tools to see

these biosignatures hundreds of light years away. So let's be patient and wait. In the meantime, write which of the latest web discoveries you found the most interesting.